![]() The lower the number the more easily the engine will start in cold weather. The low-temperature viscosity (the first number, 5W in a 5W-30 oil) indicates how quickly an engine will crank in winter and how well the oil will flow to lubricate critical engine parts at low temperatures. Viscosity is a measure of an oil’s flow characteristics, or thickness, at certain temperatures. The center of the Donut shows the oil’s SAE viscosity grade. These letters officially stand for “Service” and “Commercial.” The current API performance categories that can appear in the top part of the Donut are listed in the API Service Category Chart. The letter “C” followed by another letter and/or number (for example, CJ-4) refers to oil suitable for diesel engines. The letter “S” followed by another letter (for example, SM) refers to oil suitable for gasoline engines. ![]() The top of the Donut shows the oil’s performance level for gasoline and/or diesel engines. in a standard test in comparison to a reference oil.The bottom half tells whether the oil has demonstrated energy-conserving properties.The center identifies the oil’s viscosity.The top half describes the oil’s performance level.The API Service Symbol “Donut” is divided into three parts:
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